![]() Some water clock designs were developed independently and some knowledge was transferred through the spread of trade. Independently, the Chinese developed their own advanced water clocks(水鐘)in 725 AD, passing their ideas on to Korea and Japan. These advances were passed on through Byzantine and Islamic times, eventually making their way back to Europe. The Greek and Roman civilizations advanced water clock design with improved accuracy. Greek astronomer Andronicus of Cyrrhus supervised the construction of the Tower of the Winds in Athens in the 1st century B.C. Some authors, however, write about water clocks appearing as early as 4000 BC in these regions of the world. Other regions of the world, including India and China, also have early evidence of water clocks, but the earliest dates are less certain. The bowl-shaped outflow is the simplest form of a water clock and is known to have existed in Babylon and in Egypt around the 16th century BC. Given their great antiquity, where and when they first existed is not known and is perhaps unknowable. Water clocks, along with the sundials, are possibly the oldest time-measuring instruments, with the only exceptions being the day counting tally stick. History of time-measuring devices Ī water clock for goldbeating goldleaf in Mandalay (Myanmar) The word derives from the Middle English clokke, Old North French cloque, or Middle Dutch clocke, all of which mean 'bell', and stem from an Old Irish root. Clocks spread to England from the Low Countries, so the English word came from the Middle Low German and Middle Dutch Klocke. ![]() The word clock derives from the medieval Latin word for 'bell'- clocca-and has cognates in many European languages. ![]()
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